Prepare your manuscript

House style

• Wiley’s typesetters and copyeditors will apply our house style guidelines as standard during the production of your title.
  
  
• View the House style guide here – summary for authors, which provides presentation guidance on the most common points of style.
  
  
• For an even more detailed guide, see our ACT Content Guidelines.
  
  
• For any issue not covered by our guidelines, please ask your Managing Editor for advice and/or present consistently in a style that is acceptable in your field or apply guidance from The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS), 16e.

Indexes

Information and support for Wiley authors indexing their own titles.

If your author agreement indicates that you were expected to provide an index and you are no longer able to, contact your Managing Editor immediately to discuss alternate indexing options and avoid potential publication delay. Options may include professional index preparation to be charged against future royalties.

What type of index should I provide?

• Wiley’s standard requirement is a single, combined index of subjects and names. Author names are indexed only where substantive in-text discussion of the author or his/her work is found.
  
  
• Specialized indexes of other topics, such as genera and species, geographical names (gazetteer), drug names, organic compounds, formulae, cases and statutes, or poetry first lines may be provided, after discussion and approval from your Wiley contact.

When and how do I index?

Indexing can be done at the time of manuscript submission using Word or LaTeX tools. Just be sure to let your Wiley contact know which function you’ll be using to compile your index.

Alternatively, it can be done when you have the page proofs:

1. From PDFs of proofs, manually
   • Prepared from the first page proofs.
     
2. From PDFs of proofs using specialized indexing software
   • Let your Wiley contact know if you plan to index this way.
   • Details of available software can be found at http://www.asindexing.org and http://www.indexers.org.uk/.

How long should my index be?

• Your Wiley contact will calculate the number of index entries required.
  
  
• Please ensure your Wiley contact has provided the number of entries before you begin indexing.

How long do I have to provide a finished index at page proof stage?

• Usually two weeks from receipt of page proofs. A serious delay in publication may result from a late-arriving index.
  
  
• Adequate index preparation requires 10–15 hours per 100 typeset pages. For example, a 300-page book will require 30–45 hours of preparation. Please plan for sufficient indexing time.

Summary of how to index (if not using Word index functionality at manuscript preparation stage)

• Make a list of terms to appear.
  
  
• Separate these terms into main entries and subentries.
  
  
• Add the page numbers for every meaningful reference to a selected term.
  
  
• Alphabetize all main entries and main words of subentries. Prepositions and articles are not part of alphabetization.
  
  
• Eliminate duplicate entries, combine similar entries (e.g. singular and plural forms of the same term), and provide cross-references.
  
  
• Identify patterns that can be developed further (in the structure of entries, in the type of cross-references).
  
  
• Correct any residual typos or stylistic mismatches between the index and the final text of your book.
  
  
• Check that all “see” and “see also” cross-references point to a valid entry and use the exact wording and spelling of that entry.
  
  
• List entry page numbers in numerical order.

Submission (if not using Word index functionality at manuscript preparation stage)

• Single-space the index, leaving an extra line space between each letter of the alphabet.
  
  
• Email the index manuscript file to your Wiley contact according to the schedule provided.
  
  
• A PDF version of your index is not necessary unless it contains any special characters that may be lost in transmission.
  
  
• Provide a key to special character codes that won’t display in the file

Helpful hints

• Put yourself in the role of the reader. You know the book’s text and arguments best; however, step back slightly from the text and ask: What will your readers look for in the index?
  
  
• Identify the most likely search terms. Consult indexes of books on similar topics to identify what is helpful and not so helpful for you as the reader of someone else’s work.
  
  
• Provide a consistent level of indexing throughout. Don’t “over-index” some parts to the exclusion of others.
  
  
• Index all important themes and concepts, including those not directly mentioned in the Contents or heading structure.
  
  
• Avoid listing every mention of proper nouns (people, places) just because they were picked up in your word search. Distinguish between passing illustrative use and substantive discussion.

Do not index:

• Contents entries.
  
  
• Preface, unless it contains substantive information not found elsewhere in the book.
  
  
• Contributor names, unless their other work is discussed in detail in the text.
  
  
• Notes, unless these contain substantive information.
  
  
• References, Further Reading, Bibliography, or Glossary.

Style

• Follow the same capitalization, spelling, and hyphenation styles used in the text after copy-editing.
  
  
• All index entries other than proper nouns should begin with lower-case letters.
  
  
• When different terms or spellings for the same entry are used in chapters that have been written by several authors, only one variant should be chosen and used consistently throughout.
  
  
• Page numbers referring to figures should be in italics and those referring to tables in bold, with an explanation of this usage in a note at the start of the index.
  
  
• In a student book, it may be useful to embolden the index page number that corresponds to the introduction or definition of a key concept in the main text. Explain usage in a note at the start of the index.
  
  
• For more detailed style advice, read the following sections:

Alphabetical order

• Alphabetize consistently throughout, letter by letter.
  
  
• The letter-by-letter system ignores spaces, hyphens, and other punctuation up to any comma marking inversion of the heading. So entries are alphabetized as a single string of characters (e.g. “publications” comes before “public works”).
  
  
• Disregard prepositions and conjunctions except when they occur in a title or compound noun (as in “signal-to-noise,” for example).
  
  
• When an index entry consists of an adjective and a noun, alphabetic placement is determined according to the noun (e.g. reform, constitutional).
  
  
• Mc and Mac are ordered letter by letter as they appear; de and De, van and Van are ordered under D and V, respectively.
  
  
• Alphabetize St. as Saint and U.S. as United States.
  
  
• Entries that consist solely of numbers (e.g. 80386) are listed before the letter A.
  
  
• Arrange single numbers as if they were spelled out alphabetically. For example, “10 Downing Street” would come after “tempest.”
  
  
• Entries that consist of symbols are listed after the letters (but see special rules for chemical terms).

Cross-references

• Cross-references within an index are used either to point the reader to further information (“see also”) or to another headword (“see”).
  
  
• A cross-reference indicated by “see” does not also have page numbers: here, “see” means that the reader will find whatever they were expecting to look up here somewhere else in the index. One use of “see” is to point from a significant subentry under one heading to a main heading in its own right. The “see” type of cross-reference is useful to link between synonyms or acronyms/abbreviations and full forms (but see “Double entries” below).
  
  
• A cross-reference indicated by “see also” follows a set of page references or else is attached to a main heading that has subheadings. It is telling the reader that more information is available somewhere else.
  
  
• To refer to a subentry, you can use the form “see X under Y,” where X is the subentry and Y the main entry. Alternatively, to avoid a string of cross-references, you can use a generic term (italicized), e.g. see under individual element names.

Double entries

• Choose only one term for each concept (example: either “atomic absorption spectrometry” or “AAS”). Cross-reference the second term back to the one you have chosen using “see”. If you feel the second term should also be indexed, use “see also” to refer the reader to the first indexed term as well.
  
  
• When an entry appears in both the singular and the plural form, combine the two, add an “s” in parentheses, and alphabetize in the singular form.
  
  
• Where there are two or more synonyms for a word, use the one the reader is most likely to look up; index the less-used word with “see” referring to the more-used word.

Entries

• Index entries should not start with an article (e.g. “a” or “the”) or preposition (e.g. “in,” “on,” “below”).
  
  
• Main entries should be nouns, as concrete as possible. For example, “characteristics of algae” is an acceptable topical heading in the text, but readers are not likely to look for information about algae under the abstract noun “characteristics.” The proper index entry is “algae, characteristics of.”
  
  
• Never use an adjective as an entry. For example, the adjective “absolute” by itself is not a proper entry, but “absolute humidity” could be.
  
  
• If an unfamiliar acronym or abbreviation is used as a main entry, it should be spelled out in following parentheses, e.g. TCS (Total Conservation Solutions).
  
  
• If you index a person, include a first name (or at least an initial) even if the text mentions only the surname (family name). Try, as far as possible, to use first names or initials consistently across the index.
  
  
• If several entries include the same key term, make that term a main entry and adjust the individual entries as subentries.

Notes

• Notes normally present material that is more incidental than central to the main text. They should therefore be indexed only if they contain substantive information.
  
  
• Index references to notes should be in the form ‘96n’, where 96 is the page number.
  
  
• Where more than one note can appear on the same page, use “n.” plus the note number (or “nn.” Plus the note numbers for multiple note citations).

Numbering

• Page numbers are listed in numerical order and are separated from their entries and each other by commas.
  
  
• Main entries followed by a long line of page numbers will force the reader to search through many pages before finding the needed information. A good rule of thumb is to generate subentries when there are more than five page references.
  
  
• Distinguish between continuous discussions of a subject over two or more pages (when the page reference is given as a single range: “30–36”) and discrete mentions of a subject across a passage of text (“30, 31, 36”).
  
  
• Page ranges should always be written out in full as follows: 16–17, 23–24, 113–114, 129–130, 200–211, etc. Don’t use ‘ff.’ – give closing page numbers.
  
  
• Note that when we typeset, we will use an en-rule (–) between page ranges, not a hyphen (-).
  
  
• If you find that you are tempted to give a long page range (“750–805”) coinciding with a whole chapter or to use a form such as “Chapter 7 passim,” this is a good indication that you need to introduce subentries instead to break down the discussion.

Subentries and sub-subentries

• Set out subentries using indentation (one tab) rather than running them on. This is clearer for the reader where the index is quite complex, or main entries have numerous subentries.
  
  
• Subentries should generally also be listed in alphabetical order, ignoring initial “small” words such as “and,” “at,” “by,” “in,” “of,” and “with.” The exception to alphabetical arrangement of subentries is the chronological arrangement in history books and biographies, if it makes the development of a topic clearer to the reader.
  
  
• You do not have to use prepositions with every subentry to show the relationship with the main entry (“at,” “in,” “on,” etc.); such prepositions are most helpful when the relationship could otherwise be ambiguous. Where you do use prepositions, be consistent across similar entries.
  
  
• We don’t recommend you use sub-subentries. But if you do, please set out using further indentation (two tabs).
  
  
• Where possible, make subentry structure match, e.g. if providing index entries for several politicians, index all as:

• Politician name
  • bills passed
  • cabinet position
  • college
  • first post
  • schooldays

Chemical terms

• Chemical terms are first alphabetized by compound name, disregarding all prefix symbols, numbers, and letters. Ignore parentheses and brackets surrounding the word parts of the compounds. For example, 1,2-Diol is listed under D, S-Hydroxytryptamine is listed under H.
  
  
• If the same compound is presented several times but with different prefixes, these entries should be sorted by arranging the prefixes in the following precedence: Italic letters, Greek alphabet letters, small cap letters, numbers.
  
  
• If the same compound is presented both with and without a prefix, the compound without a prefix comes first. For example:
  • Aminoanthraquinone, 512
  • 1-Aminoanthraquinone, 514
  • 7-Aminoanthraquinone, 517

• In the subsort of like compounds, the prefix has priority, with numbers in the body of the entry the next priority. For example:
  • 2-Methyl-1-1,3-butadiene, 998
  • 3-Methyl-1,2-butadiene, 997
  • 1-Naphtol-3-sulfonic acid, 1153
  • 1-Naphtol-4-sulfonic acid, 1128
  • 2-Naphtol-1-sulfonic acid, 1154

Further advice

You can also find useful additional information about how to index in the following online and printed content sources (listed in date order):

• American Society for Indexing: http://www.asindexing.org [free].
  
  
• Society of Indexers: http://www.indexers.org.uk/ [free].
  
  
• The Chicago Manual of Style: The Essential Guide for Writers, Editors, and Publishers. 16th edn. University of Chicago Press. [behind paywall].
  
  
• Butcher, J., 2006 Copy-Editing. 4th edn. Cambridge University Press.
  
  
• Ritter, R. M., 2002. The Oxford Guide to Style. Oxford University Press, 2002.
  
  
• Booth, Pat., 2001. Indexing: The Manual of Good Practice. Munich: K.G. Saur.
  
  
• BS ISO 999:1996. Information and Documentation: Guidelines for the Content, Organization and Presentation of Indexes. http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue [behind paywall].
  
  
• Wellisch, H., 1995. Indexing from A to Z. 2nd edn. New York: H.W. Wilson.
  
  
• Mulvany, Nancy C., 1994. Indexing Books. University of Chicago Press.
  
  
• Anderson, M.D., 1985. Book Indexing. Cambridge University Press.

Page updated: 23 March 2024

Inclusive language guidelines

Our customers come from diverse backgrounds around the world. We’re committed to reflecting that in our content and promoting equity and inclusion in our community. We’ve developed inclusive language guidelines for US-based authors to make sure we’re using language in a respectful and responsible way. We also work with our vendors to make sure they’re upholding DE&I best practices in their workplaces.

Our US guidelines are continuously updated to reflect what we understand as the best language to represent and respect people across all communities. Because language has different impacts in different places, our guidelines are regionalized. UK and Canadian language guidelines are being developed next, along with guidance on media and visuals. Contact your editor for the latest version.

We also provide authors the opportunity to submit a manuscript sample for sensitivity review by DE&I experts. Reach out to your editor to discuss whether this would be a good option for your work.

Wiley LaTeX template

Using the Wiley LaTeX template allows you to focus on your content rather than the appearance of your submission. The template makes it easier to structure your manuscript, e.g. managing heading levels, along with the straightforward creation of equations.

Want to use the Wiley LaTeX template? Please get in touch with your Wiley contact to discuss first.

Note: The template won’t be used for the presentation of the final page layout.

Preparing mathematics in Word

Page Layout

Wiley has a series of designs for our print titles adapted to the different trim sizes and subjects of book content we publish. We have created these designs based on our experience and feedback from our authors. They provide us with the opportunity to update the look of our content so that it works well in all our publishing formats, both print and digital formats, that use each print design. There is flexibility to ensure that these designs work with your content, whatever the subject area or printed trim size.

Our typesetters are very experienced at working with these designs and they allow us to move from stage to stage in the production process in a streamlined manner, minimizing errors during typesetting. You will be given a clear indication of the number of words/figures that you should be creating, which will give you an accurate idea of the length of your book once printed.

Also, as all our book content will use these standard designs, any content that is repackaged for sale in other formats (such as digital or print-on-demand custom publications) will have a consistent look and feel. Some digital formats (such as ePUB) do not follow the print layout but use their own standard style, which is optimized for use on devices.

Permissions

Your responsibilities

• As the author, you’re responsible for obtaining permission to use the third-party copyrighted material included in your work and for paying any publication fees required by rightsholders.
  
  
• Always refer to the guidance documents and use the official forms on this page to assist with obtaining permission in line with Wiley’s requirements.
  
  
• If you’re a volume editor, ensure your contributors are aware that they’ll need to obtain all necessary permissions, apply the guidelines, and use the correct Wiley forms when obtaining those permissions.
  
  
• It’s essential that all permission grants are submitted to us together with your manuscript, otherwise publication of your book may be delayed.

Guidelines

• Permissions Guidelines for Authors: This key document contains advice on what material requires clearance and the rights to ask for when requesting permission.
  
  
• STM Association Guidelines: This site lists all the signatories of the STM (Scientific, Technical, and Medical) Association’s Permissions Guidelines and includes an invaluable video summarizing how much material you can use from signatory publishers in your work without incurring a fee. Before you start making your permission requests, ensure you’ve checked if any of the publishers of copyright material you are using are signatories.
  
  
• Wiley Preferred Vendors: Research and Selection Instructions for Authors provides a list of approved sources from which third-party photo, illustration, and video content can be used either for free or under the terms of Wiley-negotiated pricing and reuse-rights agreements for commercial publishing.

Forms

• Wiley Permissions Request Form: Use this whenever the rightsholder does not employ an automated online solution for managing permissions (e.g., individuals, smaller publishers). There are versions of the form in Spanish and French if required:
  • Wiley Permissions Request Form (Spanish)
  • Wiley Permissions Request Form (French)

• Patient Consent Form: Use this when obtaining informed patient consent for medical images in which individuals are identifiable.
  
  
• Standard Release Form: Use this when obtaining permission to publish images or quotations from individuals you have photographed, videoed, or interviewed during or before your book’s preparation.

Avoiding plagiarism and excess text recycling

In your contract or copyright transfer agreement (CTA) with Wiley, you have warranted that the content you submit to Wiley is original work, has not been published before, and is not being considered for publication elsewhere in its final form.

The major ways in which originality can be compromised are via plagiarism or excess text recycling.

Plagiarism is defined as substantial unattributed use of another's published or unpublished ideas, resulting in verbatim, or nearly verbatim, copying of sentences and paragraphs. Plagiarism can:

• Deprive authors of recognition for, and ownership of, their ideas
  
  
• Give undeserved credit for work that is not original
  
  
• Mislead the ordinary reader regarding the contributions of the author
  
  
• Distort the published literature
  
  
• Infringe copyright, which could potentially have legal consequences

Plagiarism occurs not only if unattributed content is from a traditionally copyrighted source but also when taken from Creative Commons, open access, governmental, or public domain sources.

Excess text recycling, sometimes known as self-plagiarism, also breaches the contractual warranty of originality. It occurs when sections of the submitted manuscript are comprised of unattributed material from one or more of an author’s own or co-authored works, with Wiley and/or another publisher.

There are frequently circumstances where duplicating content in your work will be perfectly acceptable, even essential. This applies if the content sources fall into one of the following categories:

1. Prior editions of the book with Wiley or earlier publishers.

2. Dissertations and theses by book or chapter authors.

3. Earlier versions of chapters found in arXiv.org e-Print archive or similar preprint servers.

4. Original language publication where Wiley is translating into English.

5. Figure or table captions, provided you have obtained permission from the rightsholder to use the visual.

6. Limited use of identical or nearly identical phrases to discuss commonly used methodologies, industry standards, foundational facts.

To avoid material being flagged by our text similarity screening, ensure your sources are clearly disclosed in one of the following ways:

• Use in-text citations, such as “Smith 2023,” to indicate whenever you are discussing other published work and ensure you present in your own words rather than reproducing whole sentences from the source, whether this was written by someone else or previously published by you.
  
  
• Use quotation marks around short direct quotes or make use of indented block quotes for longer passages.

If you have any concerns about similarity during the preparation of your book or chapter, we can provide an early intervention service to check the content. Please contact your managing editor or primary Wiley contact if you require this support.

Wiley processes

We use leading industry plagiarism detection software (Crosscheck’s iThenticate) so all submitted manuscripts or chapter batches can be screened quickly, and any duplicated text quantified.

The iThenticate tool uses proprietary software to look for passages of text in the submitted book or chapter that are identical to material in an article or book previously published online. The CrossRef database contains millions of articles and chapters drawn from journals, books, scientific conferences, webpages, preprints, and institutional repositories.

Within each chapter report the passages of text that overlap are highlighted in color, and the source articles that overlap are shown with matching colors. The percentage of the current chapter that overlaps with the listed published material is also indicated.

Print Ready PDFs

Wiley discourages authors from submitting Print-Ready PDFs. Our skilled typesetters are well-positioned to produce quality manuscripts ready for printing and distribution. A small number of authors are permitted to typeset their own manuscripts. The following guidelines given here have been prepared by Wiley to help you through the bookmaking process.

• Author Checklist for Preparing Print-Ready PDFs
  
  
• Author Guidelines for Preparing Print-Ready PDFs
  
  
• Printer Specification Guidelines

Of necessity, these are general guidelines and cannot address the very specific questions that sometimes arise in preparing technical copy. Your Wiley contact person will be available to answer your questions and help you prepare a book of high quality.

Your book will be printed directly from the print-ready PDF that you supply. It becomes critical, therefore, that you review all the instructions in this guide, that you submit a sample of your work before proceeding, and that you thoroughly proofread your finished work before you submit it. Remember, the way you submit your print-ready PDF to the publisher is the way you will see it in print.

Search Engine Optimization

The tips below will help you make your book easy to find by prospective readers online.

Abstracts and Keywords

As part of our publishing service to authors, your book may be part of our online book program. Please supply an abstract and a list of keywords for each chapter. We recommend a 50-150 word abstract and up to 10 keywords for each chapter.

These abstracts are free to view online and will increase discoverability and readership of your chapter by encouraging readers to go to the main text.

Please note that the abstracts and keywords are for the electronic edition of your book and will not appear in the print version.

Chapter Titles and Headings

Chapter titles should be direct and specific, and describe the chapter content without further explanation being required.

We recommend that you avoid metaphors, puns, and colloquialisms as this is not always appropriate for a global audience.

For chapter headings, use a clear and consistent heading hierarchy, and avoid lengthy paragraphs of text. Three levels of subheadings are normally sufficient. For example:

1. Colors of the Rainbow
1.1 Red
1.1.1 Red Derivatives (Fuchsia, Maroon, Burgundy)

Cross-references and Citations

When using cross-references, avoid locators (e.g. page numbers, ‘above’, ‘below’) that will not be accurate when content is reflowed into different formats. Instead, use fixed locators such as Section 2.2 or Figure 3.6.

Figure, table and reference citations should be written out in full: for a string of references write [30,31,32,33,34], rather than [30–34]. This means that the user can link through to each individual reference or figure when they find your article online.

Reference lists, endnotes, bibliographies, multiple-choice questions, etc. should be placed with the relevant topic/chapter, rather than elsewhere in the book.

Artwork

While a printed book will have fixed page size and layout, digital devices and computer monitors can vary widely in screen size and resolution, and the layout will change to match.

If an image has multiple panels, try to introduce it in such a way that it can be laid out vertically or horizontally.

Rather than using indicators such as ‘on the left’ or ‘right’, number each panel separately and simply call them out by that number (1.4a, 1.4b, etc.). See an example of a multi-panel image below:

Tables, lists, equations, and code

Video and Quizzes

Submitting Videos

1. Video clip specification

QuickTime or Windows Media are the preferred video formats (if you have files in both formats, please send both).

The full list of acceptable formats is: .3g2, .3gp, .asf (streaming for Windows Media Player), .avi, .dv, .flv (VP6), .mov (QuickTime multimedia), .mp4 (H.264), .mpeg, .mpg (MPEG-1 and MPEG-2), .qt (QuickTime), .wmv (Windows Media Video).

It is OK (but not essential) to include audio on your video file, but please supply the audio and video to us as a single file.

• The size limit for an individual video file on a website is 2GB.
  
  
• Typical video clips are up to 3 minutes long.
  
  
• Please submit videos in the final form ready for reproduction – we are not able to undertake editing or altering of video submissions.
  
  
• Please refer to your contract for the specified number of videos. Do not exceed the number requested.
  
  
• Please note that we cannot accept videos that include medical patient names or any other information that could allow identification, unless permission for such use has been expressly granted by the patient in writing. Please remove such information from your clips before submission if you cannot supply written proof of consent.

2. Submitting your video

When you submit your video clip, please send the following (as Word documents):

• A short title for each clip.
  
  
• A longer ‘caption’ for each clip (similar to a caption for a figure in the text), explaining what is happening in the clip. This is a static caption that will be permanently on view while the video clip is running.
  • If your video includes audio, add ‘This video includes an audio commentary.’ at the beginning of your caption. Likewise, if there is no audio, include the phrase ‘This video does not include audio commentary.’
    
• Number your video clips in one sequence for each chapter, using decimal numbering (Video clip 1.1, 1.2, etc.) or number in one sequence throughout (Video clip 1, Video clip 2, etc.).
  
  
• Please use this numbering for file names, captions, and titles.
  
  
• Video clips will be referenced in the text, so please add (e.g. ‘see Video clip 1.1’) in your text.

Submitting quizzes

True/false quizzes

True/false quizzes can be submitted in a Word document following the format and layout below. (The answer to statement #1 is ‘true.’ The answer to statement #2 is ‘false.’)

Example:

1. Within the cell membrane, the polar heads of the phospholipid molecules are hydrophilic (water-loving).

True [True] False

2. Exocytosis describes the process of cells ingesting matter.

True False [True]

Multiple choice questions (MCQs)

Multiple choice questions give the user a choice of predetermined answers. Different options are given for each question and feedback can be provided. Please submit MCQs in a Word document, using one of the following format options.

Option 1: If you want to provide feedback on the correct answer only, please use the following format and layout.

Please note:

The answer options are labeled ‘A, B, C’ as below.

Identify the correct answer using "[True]"

You can include up to five options, and it’s fine to vary the number of answer options given.

The feedback is given as a separate paragraph below the answer options. Identify the correct answer in your feedback. (It’s OK to omit the additional explanatory text for all or some of the questions.)

Example:

1. One of the following mechanisms is apparently not involved in the increase of pulmonary vascular resistance of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients:

1. Proliferation
   
   
2. Thrombosis
   
   
3. Vasoconstriction
   
   
4. Apoptosis [True]

The correct answer is D. The increase of pulmonary vascular resistance in pulmonary arterial hypertension is related to different mechanisms, including vasoconstriction, obstructive remodelling of the pulmonary vessel wall, inflammation, and thrombosis.

Option 2: If you want to give feedback on incorrect answers, please use the following format and layout.

Please note:

• The answer options are labelled ‘A, B, C’ as above.
  
  
• Identify the correct answer using ‘[True]’.
  
  
• Identify the incorrect answers using ‘[False]’.
  
  
• Add the feedback text for that option directly after the ‘[True]’ or ‘[False]’ label.
  
  
• Include up to 5 options – it is alright to vary the number of answer options given.

Example:

1. Which of the following does NOT protect body surfaces?

1. Skin [False] Intact skin prevents entry of microorganisms. Damage, as in burns, cause vulnerability to infection.
   
   
2. Mucus [False] Mucus lining the mucosal surfaces of the body tends to inhibit direct attachment of infectious microorganisms to the mucosal surface.
   
   
3. Gastric acid [False] Gastric acid provides a hostile environment to many microorganisms.
   
   
4. Salivary amylase [True] The enzyme splits starch and is of importance for digestion, but not for protection.
   
   
5. Gut microflora [False] Gut microflora produce antibiotic substances, colicins, which can kill other bacteria.

Extended matching questions (EMQs)

Extended matching questions provide the user with a list of answers from which they can choose one or more options. One list is supplied for the complete set of questions (e.g. one chapter). Submit your EMQs as Word documents following the format and layout shown in the example below.

Please note:

• There can be up to a maximum of 12 answer options, labeled alphabetically. (The number of options can vary for each EMQ.)
  
  
• Arrange the options in alphabetical order (to avoid bias).
  
  
• Include some options that are never used.
  
  
• Repeat the options (copy-and-paste) under each question and indicate the appropriate option as ‘True’ in each case.
  
  
• Note that there should be only one [True] option for each set of answer options.
  
  
• When the EMQ is marked, the user will see some explanatory feedback. Please write this explanatory feedback at the end of the EMQ option as shown below. The explanatory feedback can also include a reference back to the book, e.g. ‘See Chapter 12’.

Examples:

Answer options (the answer options are the same for every question in a set)

1. Red, White, Red
   
   
2. Red, White, Blue
   
   
3. Green, Orange, Red
   
   
4. White, Red, White
   
   
5. Red, White, Green
   
   
6. Green, White, Red
   
   
7. Orange, Blue, Green

1. Which list of colors best describes the order of stripes on the Austrian flag?

1. Red, White, Red [True]
   
   
2. Red, White, Blue
   
   
3. Green, Orange, Red
   
   
4. White, Red, White
   
   
5. Red, White, Green
   
   
6. Green, White, Red
   
   
7. Orange, Blue, Green

A is correct. The Austrian flag has horizontal stripes.

2. Which list of colors best describes the order of stripes on the flag of Mexico?

1. Red, White, Red
   
   
2. Red, White, Blue
   
   
3. Green, Orange, Red
   
   
4. White, Red, White
   
   
5. Red, White, Green
   
   
6. Green, White, Red [True]
   
   
7. Orange, Blue, Green

F is correct. The flag of Mexico has vertical stripes. Mexico’s coat of arms (an eagle with a snake in its beak perched on a cactus) is displayed in the center of the middle stripe.